Last Updated on March 10, 2025 by Linda Lee
What is a Green Card?
A green card, officially known as a Permanent Resident Card, grants foreign nationals the legal right to live and work permanently in the United States. It is a crucial step toward U.S. citizenship for those who choose to pursue naturalization. Green card holders enjoy a variety of benefits that provide stability, security, and opportunities for personal and professional growth.
Learn more about green cards in our U.S. green card guide or in our guide on marriage green cards.
Benefits of a U.S. Green Card
1. Permanent Residency in the United States
Green card holders have the right to reside in the U.S. indefinitely as long as permanent residents renew their green card every 10 years.
2. Freedom to Work Anywhere
Unlike non-immigrant visa holders who are often restricted to specific employers or job roles, green card holders can work for any employer in any industry.
3. Pathway to U.S. Citizenship
After maintaining permanent resident status for at least five years, or three years if married to a U.S. citizen, green card holders can apply for U.S. citizenship through naturalization, gaining additional rights such as voting in federal elections.
4. Ability to Sponsor Family Members
Green card holders can petition for their spouse and unmarried children to obtain lawful permanent resident status, helping to reunite families in the U.S.
5. Access to Social Security and Medicare Benefits
After working for at least 10 years in the U.S., green card holders become eligible for Social Security benefits. They may also qualify for Medicare upon reaching retirement age.
6. Legal Protections Under U.S. Law
Permanent residents have the same legal rights as U.S. citizens in terms of protection under federal and state laws, ensuring access to fair treatment in employment, education, and other critical areas.
7. Lower Tuition Costs for Higher Education
Green card holders qualify for in-state tuition at public colleges and universities, which is significantly lower than tuition fees for international students.
8. Freedom to Travel Internationally
Green card holders can travel abroad without the need for a visa when returning to the U.S. However, extended trips outside the country may impact residency status.
9. Eligibility for Government Benefits and Loans
Permanent residents may qualify for government-sponsored financial aid, including home loans, business grants, and public assistance programs.
10. Limited Protection from Deportation
As long as green card holders comply with U.S. laws and residency requirements, they are protected from deportation, unlike visa holders who can lose their status due to expiration or job termination.
Limitations of Green Card Holders
While green card holders enjoy many rights and privileges, there are certain limitations to be aware of, including:
- No Right to Vote: Green card holders cannot participate in federal elections and are generally restricted from voting in state and local elections.
- Risk of Losing Status: Extended travel outside the U.S. or failure to maintain residency can result in the loss of permanent resident status.
- Restricted Government Jobs: Many government positions, especially those requiring security clearance, are reserved for U.S. citizens.
- Potential for Deportation: Committing certain crimes or violating immigration laws can lead to removal proceedings and deportation.
- Limited Sponsorship Ability: Unlike U.S. citizens, green card holders can only sponsor certain family members for immigration benefits.
Green Card Holder Responsibilities
As a green card holder, there are several important responsibilities to maintain permanent residency status:
- Obey U.S. Laws: Permanent residents must follow all federal, state, and local laws.
- File U.S. Taxes: Green card holders must report and pay taxes on their worldwide income to the IRS.
- Maintain Residency: Living outside the U.S. for extended periods without a re-entry permit can result in losing green card status.
- Register for Selective Service: Male green card holders between 18 and 25 years old must register for the Selective Service, also known as the Draft.
- Report Address Changes: Green card holders must notify U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) of any change in address within 10 days of moving.
How ILOLA Immigration Attorneys Can Help
Navigating the U.S. immigration system can be complex, but our team at ILOLA is here to simplify the process. We provide expert guidance on:
- Determining the best path to obtaining a green card.
- Filing the appropriate applications and documentation.
- Ensuring compliance with immigration laws and regulations.
- Addressing challenges such as RFEs or delays.
Contact ILOLA for Green Card Assistance
If you are considering applying for a green card or need legal advice on your immigration status, our experienced attorneys at ILOLA are ready to help. Call us today at (213) 375-4084 or fill out our contact form.
