Last Updated on March 11, 2025 by Linda Lee
Family-based green cards allow U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents (LPRs) to help their family members obtain permanent residency in the United States. If you want to bring your loved ones to the U.S., understanding the process, eligibility requirements, and timelines is essential. Here’s everything you need to know about family-based green cards.
What Is a Family-Based Green Card?
A family-based green card is a U.S. permanent resident card issued to foreign nationals sponsored by family members who are either U.S. citizens or lawful permanent residents. This immigration pathway allows families to reunite and establish permanent residency in the U.S.
Categories of Family-Based Green Cards
Family-based green cards fall into two main categories, immediate relatives of U.S. citizens and family preference categories.
Immediate Relatives of U.S. Citizens
Immediate relatives have the highest priority in the immigration process and do not face annual visa limits. This category includes:
Spouses of U.S. Citizens
A spouse of a U.S. citizen is eligible for a marriage green card without being subject to numerical visa limits. The process involves proving a bona fide marriage, which requires an interview and supporting documentation such as joint financial records, photos, and affidavits.
Unmarried Children Under 21 Years Old of U.S. Citizens
Children of U.S. citizens under the age of 21 can obtain a green card as immediate relatives. Proof of biological or legal relationship is required, and stepchildren may also qualify under certain conditions. Learn more about the IR-2 child visa by reading our guide.
Parents of U.S. Citizens (If the Sponsoring Citizen Is 21 or Older)
U.S. citizens who are at least 21 years old can petition for their parents to receive a green card. This process involves demonstrating the parent-child relationship through birth certificates or adoption records. We have a guide on green card for parents of U.S. citizens with more information.
Family Preference Categories
These categories apply to certain relatives of U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents. Unlike immediate relatives, these applicants are subject to annual visa caps and waiting periods.
Learn more about family preference categories in our complete guide.
Family-Based Green Card Processing Times
Processing times vary based on:
- USCIS workload
- Your relationship category
- Country-specific visa backlogs (for family preference categories)
Immediate relatives typically experience faster processing, while preference category applicants may face longer waits due to visa quotas. Visit the USCIS website to check for up-to-date processing times.
Costs Associated with a Family-Based Green Card
The costs associated with applying for a family-based green card can vary depending on the type. For the most up-to-date fee schedule, visit the USCIS Fee Calculator to ensure you have the latest cost information.
Common Challenges
- Visa backlogs: Check the Visa Bulletin regularly for updates on wait times.
- Incomplete applications: Ensure all forms and supporting documents are correctly filled out.
- Marriage-based green card scrutiny: Be prepared to provide evidence of a bona fide relationship, such as photos, joint financial records, and affidavits from friends or family.
Alternative Immigration Options for Families
While family-based green cards are a common route, other pathways may also be available for your loved ones:
- Fiancé(e) Visa (K-1 Visa): If you are engaged to a foreign national, the K-1 visa allows them to enter the U.S. and apply for a green card after marriage.
- Employment-Based Sponsorship: If your family member has specialized skills, they may qualify for an employer-sponsored visa.
Why Choose ILOLA for Your Family-Based Green Card Process?
Navigating the U.S. immigration process can be complex, but ILOLA’s experienced legal team can help you:
- Ensure your petition is completed accurately
- Stay informed on visa availability and processing times
- Prepare for interviews and respond to USCIS requests
If you’re ready to start the green card process, contact ILOLA today at (213) 375-4084 for expert immigration guidance on family-based green cards. Visit our contact page for more information.
