Becoming a U.S. citizen is a life-changing achievement, opening the door to new rights, opportunities, and security. If you’re wondering how to become a US citizen, this step-by-step guide will walk you through the naturalization process, eligibility criteria, benefits, and common questions so you can approach your journey with confidence.
What Is Naturalization?
Naturalization is the legal process through which a foreign national becomes a full U.S. citizen. Most applicants must first become lawful permanent residents (green card holders) before applying. Through naturalization, you gain the same rights and responsibilities as native-born citizens including voting, working in federal jobs, and sponsoring family members for immigration.
U.S. Citizenship Requirements Checklist in 2026
Before you apply, review these essential naturalization requirements:
- Minimum Age: You must be at least 18 years old.
- Green Card Holder: You must have lawful permanent resident status.
- Continuous Residence: Live in the U.S. for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen) without extended trips abroad.
- Physical Presence: Be physically present in the U.S. for at least half of the required residency period.
- State Residency: Reside in your current state for at least 3 months before applying.
- Good Moral Character: Demonstrate respect for U.S. laws and USCIS will place greater emphasis on positive attributes and contributions.
- English Proficiency: Be able to read, write, and speak basic English (with exceptions for age/disability).
- Civics Knowledge: Pass a test on U.S. government and history.
- Support the Constitution: Show loyalty to the U.S. and take the Oath of Allegiance.
There are special paths for military service members and children of U.S. citizens. If you have questions about eligibility, consult our immigration attorney at (213) 375-4084.
How to Become a U.S. Citizen: Step-by-Step
Follow these steps to complete the naturalization process:
1. Confirm Your Eligibility
Review the checklist above and ensure you meet all requirements before starting your application.
2. Gather Required Documents
Prepare your green card, Social Security number, passport, and supporting documents (such as marriage certificates, court records, or proof of continuous residence).
3. Complete Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization)
Fill out Form N-400 accurately. Mistakes can delay your application or result in denial. Consider consulting an attorney for guidance.
4. Pay the Filing Fee
You must pay the filing fee when submitting your application. Please see the USCIS website for the most up-to-date information on filing fees.
5. Receive Your USCIS Receipt Notice
After submitting your application, USCIS will send a receipt (Form I-797C) with your case number for tracking your status.
6. Attend Your Biometrics Appointment
USCIS will schedule a biometrics appointment to collect your fingerprints and photo for background checks.
7. Complete the Naturalization Interview and Tests
At your interview, a USCIS officer will review your application, test your English skills, and administer the civics exam. If you don’t pass, you’ll have another chance to retake the test.
8. Receive a Decision
After your interview, USCIS will notify you of their decision. If approved, you’ll receive details about your naturalization ceremony. If additional information is needed, USCIS may request more documents or schedule a follow-up.
9. Take the Oath of Allegiance
Attend your scheduled ceremony, take the Oath of Allegiance, and receive your Certificate of Naturalization, officially making you a U.S. citizen.
10. Update Your Records
Notify agencies (such as Social Security, DMV, and the U.S. Passport Agency) of your new citizenship status.
Naturalization Fees and Costs
- Form N-400 filing fee: $760 (paper) or $710 (online)
- Biometric services fee: Included in the filing fee, not a separate fee
Please review the USCIS website for the most current information on filing fees.
Benefits of U.S. Citizenship
U.S. citizenship offers life-long advantages, including:
- Voting rights: Participate in federal, state, and local elections.
- Family reunification: Sponsor parents, spouses, children, and siblings for immigration.
- Protection from deportation: Secure your right to live in the U.S.
- Travel flexibility: Obtain a U.S. passport for easier international travel.
- Access to government benefits: Qualify for Social Security, Medicare, and federal financial aid.
- Expanded job opportunities: Work in federal positions and other roles limited to citizens.
- Eligibility for public office and jury service: Engage fully in civic life.
- Pride and belonging: Join the American community and contribute to its future.
Speak with a Naturalization Attorney Today
Every path to citizenship is unique. If you have questions or want help with your application, contact Los Angeles immigration attorney Linda Lee for personalized support. We’re committed to guiding you every step of the way.
Contact us today or call (213) 375-4084 to start your journey to U.S. citizenship.
